In recent years, extensive attention has been given to the generation of new classes of ligand-specific binding proteins to supplement monoclonal antibodies. A combination of protein engineering and display technologies has bee used to manipule non-human antibodies for humanization and stabilization purposes or even the generation of new binding proteins. Engineered protein scaffolds can now be directed against therapeutic targets to treat cancer and immunological disorders. Although very few of these scaffolds have successfully passed clinical trials, their remarkable properties such as robust folding, high solubility, and small size motivates their employment as tool for biology and applied science studies. Here, we have focused on the generation new non-Ig binding proteins and single domain antibody manipulation, with a glimpse of their applications.

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