@article{paperid:1107431, author = {دانشیار, مرتضی and دانشیار, مرتضی}, title = {Life Expectancy and Fatal Diseases in Iran before Modern Medicine (1881–1896 CE / 1298–1313 AH)}, journal = {Research on History of Medicine}, year = {2026}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, month = {May}, issn = {2251-886X}, pages = {5--27}, numpages = {22}, keywords = {Life Expectancy; Traditional Medicine; Qajar Medicine; Fatal diseases; Qājār Statesmen; Nāṣeri era}, }