Introduction: Theileriosis is one of the most important haemoparasitic diseases in ruminants and have long been considered as a major problem to efficient sheep and goats production in Iran. Determination of blood biochemical parameters is an important part of the clinical laboratory diagnostic tools available to veterinarians to assess health and disease in animal species. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of sheep theileriosis on some blood biochemical parameters. Methods: Thirty adult fat-tailed sheep suffering from theileriosis were selected on the basis of clinical examination and positive peripheral blood smears, and twenty clinically healthy animals without parasitaemia (according to the blood smears) served as controls. Plasma biochemical parameters were assayed using colorimetric methods. Results: Biochemical analysis of infected cases revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood glucose and albumin, in addition to a non-significant decrease in total protein and creatinine concentrations when compared to the uninfected group. On the other hand, a significant increase of urea, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, in addition to a nonsignificant rise in triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatise and creatine kinase levels was found in infected group in comparison to controls. Conclusion: This study led to conclude that theileriosis in sheep is associated with some alterations in blood biochemical parameters. Thus, measuring these changes may provide help to understand the disease pathogenesis and could be used as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of the therapy applied.

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