Abstract Most important part of the second law of thermodynamic is described as determining the value and sources of wasting exergy in processes and suggests concepts for reducing the losses in order to enhance the efficiency. So, the main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of alcoholic additives and load and engine speed on combustion irreversibilities and second law efficiency. The mentioned alcoholic fuel is Ethanol which is combined with gasoline in different percentages of 5, 10, and 15%. The experiments have been done for 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4500 rpm and 25%, 50% and 75% full load. The results show that in most of the times that the alcoholic fuel was used, the combustion internal irreversibility increased and second law efficiency decreased, which is due to the increase in temperature difference between burned combustion products and unburned mixture, but increasing in load and engine speeds, increased the second law efficiency. Another important outcome from present study is demonstrating the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) reduction due to using recovered exergy from water which its average value was 14.1%.

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