The frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with gentamicin poses the additional risk of nephrotoxic renal failure. A six weeks old and dead Holstein calf with history of pneumonia and administration of gentamicin and phenylbutazone was referred to Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord. At necropsy, severe bilateral hydronephrosis and renal papillary necrosis, cranioventral consolidation of lung and hemorrhagic linear erosions on the mucosal folds of abomasum were seen. Histopathological examination of renal sections revealed decreased thickness of renal cortex and medulla, tubular epithelial vacuolation and necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilation. In the abomasum, numerous focal mucosal hemorrhages and necrosis and abomasitis were seen. Fatty degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes were observed in liver sections. To our knowledge, there is no report about naturally occurrence of nephrotoxicity due to use of gentamicin and phenylbutazone together in calf and in this case report, the authors describe gross and histopathological characteristics of this nephrotoxicity in the affected animal.

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