Analysis of forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids in a porous channel has not been considered completely in the literature, and this challenge is generally considered to be an open research topic that may require more study. The present work is an extension to our previous article such that a three-equation energy model is employed in the porous channel. This work is concerned with the effects of Nield number on heat transfer in a porous channel. The thermal nonequilibrium model is assumed between the fluid, particles, and solid phases. It is also assumed that the nanoparticles are distributed nonuniformly inside the channel and therefore the volume fraction distribution equation is coupled with the other governing equations. In this condition, a new heat flux model is introduced for calculation of the absorbed heat flux by the solid, particle, and fluid phases. The effects of Nield number on the heat transfer are completely studied. The obtained results show that the heat flux at the wall absorbed by the fluid phase is increased by increasing the Nield number.

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