Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits a worldwide distribution and encompasses a wider range of hepatic abnormalities that can culminate in serious clinical outcomes. The growing incidence of NAFLD necessitates more efficient management strategies particularly in clinically severe obese patients. Weight reduction is the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment; therefore, bariatric surgery could be a therapeutic approach in selected obese patients afflicted with NAFLD and other cardiometabolic comorbidities. Objective The present study focused on the potential role of bariatric surgery on hepatic function and NAFLD-related histopathological features measured through a noninvasive method. Method Ninety patients entered to this study and underwent initial preoperative assessments including demographic profile, anthropometric measurements, standard laboratory tests, and hepatic biopsy. Liver stiffness was also evaluated via twodimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). All assessments were repeated over the subsequent 6months following surgery except for liver biopsy. Results Postoperative hepatic elasticity was lessened after 6 months (p = 0/002).The levels of alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transferase, total protein, lipid indices, glucose, and platelet count were also improved following surgery (p < 0/001). Further progression of fibrosis was observed in 25% of patients after surgery. Conclusion Bariatric surgery was associated with a favorable impact on anthropometric and hepatic elasticity indices as well as metabolic parameters. The ideal target population for bariatric surgery should be thoroughly addressed, and the underlying risk factors for fibrosis progression need to be controlled before surgery. However, expanded research designed as comprehensive randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm these findings.

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