Grape (Vitis spp) belonging to family Vitaceae is a commercially important fruit crop .The most grape producing countries have one or more soil problems such as, salinity, drought and harmful biotic agents such phylloxera, nematodes and fungal pathogens. Nematodes are one of the most important soil pathogenic agents and can cause considerable damage to grapes in high populations. There are no studies on biodiversity of plant parasite nematodes in Vineyards of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province of Iran. So, in order to identify the plant parasitic nematodes in Vineyards of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province, south-western of Iran, 350 soil samples were collected from different regions during years 2019-2020. The nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique and tray methods. Then, they were fixed and transferred to glycerin. The permanent slides were prepared and the nematodes were studied by light microscopy and valid keys. In this study, 30 Species belonging to 21 genera were identified: Amplimerlinius globigerus, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides limberi, Basiria graminophila, Boleodorus thylactus, Coslenchus polygyrus, Ditylenchus dipcasi, D. parvus, D. tenuidens, Filenchus vulgaris, Helicotylenchus vulgaris, H. digonicus, H. minzi, H. pseudorobustus, Irantylenchus vicinus, Merlinius brevidens, M. microdorus, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Neopsilenchus magnidens, Nothotylenchus hexaglyphus, Pratylenchoides ritteri, P. erzumensis, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, Psilenchus iranicus, P. aestuarius, Scutylenchus rugosus, Tylenchus arcuatus, Zygotylenchus guevaria, Xiphinema index. Among them, the highest percentage of abundance, were Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Filenchus vulgaris, Xiphinema index, Pratylenchus neglectus by 50%, 42%, 38% and 31%, respectively.

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