The current research is designed to examine the effects of 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 42 days of ethanolic Ferula assa-foetida L. oleo gum resin extract (FAE) in management of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. On day 42, all rats euthanized; HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI levels pancreas histopathological and ultrastructural were examined, respectively. Low-dose FAE (150 mg/kg) treatment resulted in significant improvement in serum glucose, insulin and superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase levels (p <0.05). It also improved beta-cell function, restored pancreatic beta-cells, and reduced insulin resistance in comparison to the diabetic control rats. Necrotic and degenerative alterations in the islets, pyknotic beta-cell nuclei, beta-cell degranulation, reduced islet cellular density, and significant vacuolation were found in the STZ-diabetic control group\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s islets after the histomorphological and ultrastructural examination. The pancreas histomorphology of low dose of FAE-treated diabetic rats showed remarkable improvements in the islets such as the beta cells number, and the area of the pancreatic islets. Practical applications The experiment revealed that Ferula assa-foetida L. may exert antihyperglycemic activity in STZ diabetes via beta cell regeneration and its high antioxidant capacity. The work includes the role of Ferula assa-foetida L. on diabetes management. The results showed that Ferula assa-foetida L. gum extract improves the morphological changes of the diabetic pancreas and regenerates the beta-cells. The findings demonstrated positive results for the long-term cure of diabetes. Additionally, this work has the potential for medication development by isolating nutraceutical(s). Additionally, this study showed that the potential of isolating nutraceutical(s) for medication development.

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