The development of the Permian succession in the Alborz Basin has been dramatically affected by tectonic movement and change in the Cimmerian microcontinent position during the Pangea configuration. The Permian succession in the Alborz Basin consists mainly of siliciclastic-carbonate rocks, and is represented by two rock units: the Doroud Formation (Asselian-Middle Sakmarian) at the base, the Ruteh Formation (Artinskian-Roadian) in the middle, and lateritic horizon (Permian-Triassic boundary) at the top. The Doroud Formation was deposited in fluvial and beach environments. The integrated petrographical and geochemical studies indicate a felsic and intermediate origin for the sandstones of the Doroud Formation that were affected by semi-oxidizing to oxidizing environments under warm-humid climatic conditions. These sandstones, mainly quartz-arenites and sublitharenites, were deposited in a passive continental margin and mostly sourced from a quartzose sedimentary provenance. The geochemical signatures reflect that the Doroud Formation has Gondwanan characteristics – the siliciclastic nature and deposition in a tectonic quiescence before rifting – so it is presumed that the Neo-Tethys spreading occurred after the deposition of the Doroud. Simultaneous with the deposition of the Ruteh Formation, the sea level was gradually increased, and a carbonate ramp was developed. Meanwhile, the configuration of continents of the Pangea began to change from Irvingian to Wegenerian, and Alborz block, as a part of the Cimmerian microcontinent, was detached from the Gondwana and moved northward through the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. Furthermore, the Ruteh Formation shows Tethayn characteristics, including a warm climate, the presence of large fusulinid, and the dominance of carbonate sediments. A gradual regression occurred following the deposition of the Ruteh Formation and tectonic uplift in the Permian-Triassic boundary, leading to the formation of a lateritic horizon. Around this time, as the Cimmerian approached Eurasia, the Palaeo-Tethys became smaller, while the Neo-Tethys began to develop considerably

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