This study investigates the coupled soil deformation and pore fluid flow in saturated clay around a cylindrical excavation, utilizing finite element analysis and Modified Cam-Clay constitutive law. Validation of the numerical model precedes a parametric study, assessing volume change effects and various parameters on wall and ground deformations, stresses, pore water pressures, and hydraulic gradients. Results underscore the significance of soil parameters, particularly the Kappa value (κ) influencing horizontal displacements and hydraulic properties impacting settlements and basement heave. Retaining wall length minimally affects stresses but crucially influences water flow from the excavation base. Wall thickness significantly reduces horizontal displacements, with added ground settlement benefits, while constructing a bottom deck substantially mitigates settlements and displacements. This thorough analysis advances understanding of soil-structure interactions, offering vital insights for engineering practices concerning cylindrical excavations in soft soil conditions.

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