In recent years, policymakers have increasingly focused on environmental quality and economic growth. While various factors influence green growth, two important factors that have been overlooked in research are the global innovation index and the fragile states index. This study employs novel methods, such as necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), to analyze green growth across 90 countries in 2019, surpassing traditional regression techniques. The NCA model identifies essential variables for green growth, revealing that global innovation, institutional quality, human development, and globalization are crucial conditions. Conversely, the fsQCA model offers intricate solutions by combining key variables for green growth. It presents five solutions for achieving high green growth, each tailored to specific groups of countries. For instance, Solution 1, with a consistency of 0.96%, suggests that increased consumption of renewable energy, greater trade openness, and reduced fragility in states lead to higher green growth in countries like Denmark and Austria. Thus, policymakers can foster both economic growth and environmental improvement by promoting renewable energy adoption, enhancing global trade management, and strengthening institutional quality and political stability.

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