Title : ( Separated pairs of submodules in Hilbert C⁎-modules )
Authors: Rasoul Eskandari , Wei Luo , Mohammad Sal Moslehian , Qingxiang Xu , Haiyan Zhang ,Access to full-text not allowed by authors
Abstract
We introduce the notion of a separated pair of closed submodules within the framework of Hilbert $C^*$-modules. We demonstrate that even in the context of Hilbert spaces, this idea has several insightful characterizations enriching the understanding of separated pairs of subspaces in Hilbert spaces. Let $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr H$ and $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr K$ be orthogonally complemented closed submodules of a Hilbert $C^*$-module $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr E$. We establish that $ (\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr H,\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr K)$ forms a separated pair in $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr{E}$ if and only if there exist idempotents $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1$ and $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2$ such that $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1=0$, $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr R(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1)=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr H$, and $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr R(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2)=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr K$. We show that $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr R(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1+\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\lambda\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2)$ is closed for each $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\lambda\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\in \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathbb{C}$ if and only if $\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr R(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_1+\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Pi_2)$ is closed. We utilize the localization of Hilbert $C^*$-modules to define the angle between closed submodules. We prove that if $(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr H^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp,\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr K^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp)$ is concordant, then $(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr H^{\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp},\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathscr K^{\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\perp})$ is a separated pair if the cosine of this angle is less than one. We also present some surprising examples to illustrate our results.
Keywords
, Separated pair; idempotent; Hilbert $C^*$, module; angle@article{paperid:1102268,
author = {رسول اسکندری and وی لو and Sal Moslehian, Mohammad and کینگزیانگ شو and هایانگ ژانگ},
title = {Separated pairs of submodules in Hilbert C⁎-modules},
journal = {Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications},
year = {2025},
volume = {545},
number = {1},
month = {May},
issn = {0022-247X},
pages = {129102--18},
numpages = {-129084},
keywords = {Separated pair; idempotent; Hilbert $C^*$-module; angle},
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Separated pairs of submodules in Hilbert C⁎-modules
%A رسول اسکندری
%A وی لو
%A Sal Moslehian, Mohammad
%A کینگزیانگ شو
%A هایانگ ژانگ
%J Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
%@ 0022-247X
%D 2025