This study investigated the possible antagonistic effects of Peganum harmala extract against the lethal toxic- ity of Echis. carinatus venom. A total of 72 adult albino mice were divided into 12 equal groups in 6 exper- imental protocols. In protocol I (control), Group A only treated with E. carinatus venom (10 mg/kg). They died after 80 min averagely. In protocol II, Groups B1 and B2 were treated simultaneously with 15 and 30 mg/kg of P. harmala, respectively, and 10 mg/kg venom. Their survival time increased to 232 and 210 min, respectively. In protocol III, groups C1 and C2 were treated with 10 mg/kg venom followed 15 min later by P. harmala at 15 and 30 mg/kg respectively. Their time to death was increased to 246 and 220 min respectively. In protocol IV, groups D1 and D2, treated with pre-incubated of venom with 15 and 30 mg/kg of P. harmala. Their survival time increased to 211 and 195 min, respectively. In protocol V groups E1 and E2 received only P. harmala extract intraperitoneally (15 and 30 mg/kg). In protocol VI, groups F1, F2, and F3 received only P. harmala extract (orally) at 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg. All mice in these groups remained alive. Peganum harmala extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased animal survival time, has an antagonistic effect against lethal action of Echis carinatus venom.

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