During the last two centuries a number of vaccines have been used for the control of infectious diseases in animals. Inefficiency of currently used conventional vaccines consist of either whole inactivated or live attenuated microorganism is frequently due to lack of appropriate adjuvants. The use of conventional adjuvant with antigen in preparation of vaccines, induced cell mediated immune responses, but not antibodies at high level. In recent years, to solve this problem, nano-vaccines have been used in animals In this kind of vaccine, nano-particles such as latex, polystyrene gold and silica covalently linked to antigen,elicited cell mediated immune responses as well as antibodies with minimal side-effects. The potential efficiency of these vaccines with a single dose has been evaluated in limiting of infectious disease in sheep and tumours in mice. This special issue of methods further addresses practical issues of production, affordability, reproducibility and stability of formulation, and also includes a discussion of the economic and regulatory challenges encountered in developing vaccines for veterinary use and for common Third World infectious diseases. In this article, nanoparticles used in veterinary vaccine in discussed in detail.

During the last two centuries a number of vaccines have been used for the control of infectious diseases in animals. Inefficiency of currently used conventional vaccines consist of either whole inactivated or live attenuated microorganism is frequently due to lack of appropriate adjuvants. The use of conventional adjuvant with antigen in preparation of vaccines, induced cell mediated immune responses, but not antibodies at high level. In recent years, to solve this problem, nano-vaccines have been used in animals In this kind of vaccine, nano-particles such as latex, polystyrene gold and silica covalently linked to antigen,elicited cell mediated immune responses as well as antibodies with minimal side-effects. The potential efficiency of these vaccines with a single dose has been evaluated in limiting of infectious disease in sheep and tumours in mice. This special issue of methods further addresses practical issues of production, affordability, reproducibility and stability of formulation, and also includes a discussion of the economic and regulatory challenges encountered in developing vaccines for veterinary use and for common Third World infectious diseases. In this article, nanoparticles used in veterinary vaccine in discussed in detail.

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