Rainfed wheat accounts for about 60-65% of the cultivated wheat area and contributes 30-35% of wheat production in Iran. While the demand for wheat is predicted to be over 20 Mt in 2025, results of impact studies have shown average country level yield reduction of 18 and 24% for target years of 2025 and 2050 , respectively ( Nassiri et al., 2006 ) . Adapting to climatic variability will have a substantially greater effect in reducing impact than will mitigation. However, adaptive measure for dry land systems of Iran are poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was predicting the effects of adaptation and evaluating these strategies based on adaptation costs and benefits.

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