Objective(s) We determined the effect of a high fructose diet either alone or in combination with Iranian shallot or garlic extract on cognitive functions, plasma lipid profile, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Materials and Methods Following induction of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats (Fru-fed), they were randomly assigned to three subgroups. The first subgroup was kept as Fru-fed while the two other subgroups were daily treated by aqueous garlic or shallot extract. Results Twelve weeks treatment with shallot or garlic significantly prevented the learning and memory deficits induced by fructose-feeding. Administration of garlic, but not shallot extract could significantly diminish the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Treatment with garlic or shallot extract can significantly improve the IPGTT in the Fru-fed rats. Conclusion The high fructose diet may contribute to spatial memory deficits. Iranian shallot or garlic extracts appear to improve learning and memory impairments in fructose-fed rats.

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