In the course of the revision of the genus Euphorbia in Iran, E. grisophylla and E. sogdiana are reported as new for the country. E. erythradenia, E. malleata and E. spartiformis are confirmed as rare localised endemics and an epitype is selected for the name E. spartiformis. E. polycaulis is shown to be the correct name for the more widespread Iranian endemic so far known as E. decipiens and E. sparsiglandulosa is sunk into the synonymy of this species. All species but E. polycaulis are illustrated and the following information is given for each of them: synonymy, description, delimitation from similar species, distribution and specimens examined.

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