A factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted to determine the effect of bio- and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield, yield components and oil constituents of fennel plants (Feniculum vulgare Mill.). Three factors were used included Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (M) with three levels (inoculated with Piriformospora indica, inoculated with Sebacina vermifera and non-inoculated) phosphorus bio-fertilizer Barvar2 (B) with two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated) and chemical phosphorus fertilizer (P) with three levels (0, 50, 100 kg/ha). One plot in each replication treated with chemical fertilizers (NPK: 90, 60, 90 kg/ha) was used as control. The Measured traits were plant dry weight, number of umbel per plant, number of claw per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and essential oil yield. The results showed that bio and chemical fertilizers increased plant growth, yield and yield components of fennel. The response of two fungal (Mycorrhizal) inoculants varied. Piriformospora indica performed better than Sebacina vermifera. Plants inoculated with Piriformospora indica had higher biomass dry weight (20.6 per plant), seed yield (312.7 kg/ha) and yield of essential oil (5.12 lit/ha). Plants inoculated with solubale phosphate bacteria (Barvar 2) had higher number of umbel (46.5 per plant), number of claw (0.98), essential oil yield (5.7 lit/ha) and biomass dry weight (21.3 g per plant) compared to non-inoculated plants. Among levels of phosphorous chemical fertilizer plant treated with 100 kg/ha produced the highest biomass dry weight (22.5 g per plant), seed yield (314.9 kg/ha) and essential oil (5.9 lit/ha). The highest growth parameters, seed yield and essential oil were observed in plot treated with combination of bio- and chemical fertilizers (MBP). The results also indicated that bio-fertilization, besides its ability to improve the nutrients supply in the soil, also increases the efficiency of chemical fertilizers.

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