Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is a major problem for winter barley in Europe and Japan, transmitted by the plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis Led. (Adams, 1996). This virus recently was found in Poland too (Jeżewska, 2009). No information on the occurrence of Barley yellow mosaic viruses have been yet published in Iran. The disease symptoms appeared in at least 30% of winter barley fields of Nyshabour and Bardaskan (Khorasan Razavi province) in North East of Iran by late March and the beginning of April, affecting mainly local variety of Barley. These were associated with mosaic and leaf yellowing, as well as irregular yellow patches in the fields. The BaYMV partial coat protein sequence of one isolate showed the highest identity (99%) with that of BaYMV from UK (AJ515485) and the other one showed the highest identity (99%) with a Japanese (AB500948) isolate.

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