Equine babesiosis is a hemoprotozoan tickborne disease with worldwide distribution, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. equi and B. caballi infection in Turkoman breed horse in North Khorasan Province of Iran. Association between seropositivity of piroplasm infections and host-related factors include age, gender and activity was also analyzed. Blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy Turkoman breed horses (Equus caballus) including 21 male and 79 female in fourteen villages. Blood smears were prepared and stained with Geimsa method. T. equi was microscopically detected in five blood smears. Serum samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The results were showed that 53 (53%) of samples were seropositive for piroplasm infections. Antibodies against T. equi was found in 48 (48%) of serum samples while B. caballi and dual infection in 2 (2%) and 3 (3%) of samples, respectively. Any siginificant difference was not obsereved between the sereopravalence of piroplasm infections with host-related factors in horses. This is the first report on the detection of the T. equi and B. caballi infection using IFAT in Iran, It was concluded that seroprevalence of T.equi infection is higher than B.caballi infection in Torkaman breed horse in Iran

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