Ovine babesiosis is an important disease and three species of B. ovis, B. motasi, and B. crassa were reported in sheep and goats in Iran. In the present study, geographical distributions of Babesia species and ticks vector were investigated in different climate of Iran. A total of 410 sheep from suspected flocks infected to piroplasmosis were clinically examined and collected the blood and ticks samples from 2010 to 2011. The blood smears were stained by Geimsa. The collected ticks were identified based on ticks’ keys and separated into tick pools, according to their species and sex. Then, their salivary glands and ovaries were dissected out in 0.85% saline under stereomicroscope. DNA of blood samples and salivary glands of ticks were extracted by using a DNA extraction kit and examined by using seminested PCR. The microscopic examination was indicated that the piroplasms infection were detected in 22%, 55%, 46% and 17.5% of sheep in Caspian, mountainous, semi desert and desert climates , respectively. B. ovis infection in sheep of Caspian, mountainous and desert climates was detected 12%, 4/2% and 0/83% by seminested PCR, respectively. B. motasi was only molecular detected in one sheep of Caspian climate. Any Babesia spp infections were not detected in ovaries and salivary glands of collected ticks from different areas of Iran. Based on obtained results, it is concluded that B .ovis was more prevalent in Caspian and Mountainous areas. With reference to low frequency of Babesia species in the present study, it seems that more samples needs to identify tick vector of Babesia.

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