Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance and endurance exercises on the acute response of androgens, cortisol and lactate in elderly postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 10 elderly postmenopausal women (Age=54.3±3.74 years, BMI= 24.88±2.07kg/m-2) participated in three protocols: 1) Resistance protocol (1 session, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of eight exercises with %80 1RM), 2) Endurance protocol (45 minutes of cycling at 60-70% Vo2max) and 3) Rest protocol (control group). Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after the end of each protocol. Finally, the serum levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol and blood lactate were measured and the data was analyzed using GLM-Repeated Measures (ANOVA) at a Significance level of P<0.05. Results: Both resistance and endurance groups showed a significant increase in androgen and lactate serum levels after resistance and endurance exercises (P<0.05). But variations in androgens and lactate levels were not significant between the groups. There was no significant difference in within-group cortisol concentration, but there was a significant difference in cortisol levels between the groups in endurance exercise: after the endurance protocol, there were higher levels of cortisol in endurance group compared to resistance and rest groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that a single bout of resistance exercise or endurance exercise does not acutely influence androgens and lactate levels, though cortisol concentration increased following an endurance exercise session.

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