Trend to produce aromatic and medicinal plants and requirement for these natural productions is increasing in all over the world [1]. In many of countries, cultivation of sesame and flax play hardly any role in cash products, therefore cultivating these plants as cash crops require to encourage farmers by changes in agricultural operations. For example Intercropping can be an alternative way for monoculture and is a possible way to increase the yield and harvest index of medicinal plants. In order to evaluate the effects of yield and yield components in row intercropping of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), a field experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. For this purpose a randomized complete block design with three replications and six treatments was used. The treatments included one row of sesame + one row of flax (1:1), two rows of sesame + two rows of flax (2:2), three rows of sesame + three rows of flax (3:3) and four rows of sesame + four rows of flax (4:4) and their monocultures. Results showed that economic yield of sesame, and number of seeds per plant was affected by different treatments and there was no significant difference in 1000-seeds weight and harvest index in sesame. Number of nodes, seeds and branches per plant, and economic yield in flax also affected by different treatments but there was no significant difference in 1000-seeds weight and harvest index of flax. Dry matter accumulation in triple-row intercropping for sesame were highest, while for flax, monoculture showed the highest dry matter. The same results were observed in other studies [2, 3].

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