Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe clinical features and laboratory results of four horses affected to equine piroplasmosis (EP) suggesting diagnostic approaches to the disease. The study is intended as a practical contribution for veterinary practitioners because it describes different clinical presentations. Materials & Methods: Equine piroplasmosis was diagnosed in four horses referred to Ferdowsi university of Mashhad teaching clinic from March 2011 to October 2012. All cases were referred in summer and their chief complaints of owners were poor performance, anorexia, and diarrhea. All of them had been treated by anti-inflammatory and antibiotics agents. Despite these treatments, no improvement had been seen. Clinical examination was carried out and necessary samples were taken. smears were made from fresh, peripheral capillary blood, stained with Giemsa and observed at ×40 and ×100 magnification with an optical microscope for the evaluation of intracellular parasites. Hematologic parameters were Results & Conclusion: Clinical signs: Fever, elevated respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and diarrhea were constant findings. Ocular excretions were observed in two out of four horses. There was no apparent hemoglobinuria. Laboratory findings: Hematologicalred blood cell parameters were lower than normal status in two of affected horses. In peripheral blood smear examination blood parasites were found in all of them. Babesia equi was found in two cases and B. caballi in one case. Mixed infection of B. equi and B. caballi was observed in one of the cases. On the basis of history, clinical signs and laboratory findings, Equine Piroplasmosis was diagnosed in all cases. Conclusion: The most prominent clinical signs of all four cases were poor performance, decreased appetite and anemia. Equine practitioners should be considered a piroplasmosis diagnosis in every case with similar history and clinical findings, particularly in warm months.

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