Ajowan (Carum copticum L.) is traditionally believed to be a digestive medicinal and aromatic plant. In order to investigate the effects of mycorrhiza symbiosis on seed and and essential oil yield of ajowan, a field experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design with two treatments (with and whitout inoculatino) and four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during growing season of 2009-2010. In all treatments except control, amounts of 20g of inculated soil with mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradaices) was applied at the planting time. The results showed that mycorrhiza inoculation had significant effects on yield components, seed and essential oil yield of ajowan. Mycorrhiza inoculation increased ajowan seed and essential oil yield up to 58 and 81%, respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhiza enhanced root development and hence availability of nutrients, particularly phosphorus. Also, phosphorus is the cause of increasement of photosynthesis rate and duration which promote growth and yield. Also, nitrogen decreased essential oil content.

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