This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of ovarian lesions of camels in Iran. The ovaries of 96 non-pregnant dromedary camels with unknown history were collected and examined grossly and histopathologically. The pathological changes observed were paraovarian cyst (2.08%), follicular cyst (2.08%), hemorrhagic cyst (1.04%), intrafollicular hemorrhage (5.2%), ovarian hydrobursitis (1.04%), oophoritis (3.12%), benign cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst (1.04%) and serous cystadenoma (1.04%). In this study, the effects of observed ovarian lesions on camel fertility are unknown because of the absence of their reproductive histories. For the first time, serous cystadenoma was identified in ovarian tissue of a dromedary camel. Additionally, based on gross and histopathological characteristics, two hypotheses including occurrence of ovarian hydrobursitis due to hemorrhage from atretic follicle and existence of a probable relationship between luteinized hemorrhagic cyst in ovary with cystic hyperplastic endometritis in uterus is suggested in dromedary camels.

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