Ovarian hydrobursitis or ovariobursitis is described in the dromedary camel but there is no report about occurrence of this lesion in Iran. Ovarian hydrobursitis is characterized by the accumulation of variable amount of fluid within the ovarian bursa with encapsulation of the ovary. Clinical diagnosis of this lesion is based on rectal palpation and ultrasonography. Ovariobursitis is suspected when difficulty is encountered during retraction of the uterus and ovarian palpation. The ultrasonographic appearance of this lesion is variable and depends on the size, ovarian activity, and the nature of fluid within the affected bursa. In the present study, Ovarian hydrobursitis was observed in the left ovary of one camel during post mortem examination. After incision of the affected bursa and explusion of 2200 ml hemorrhagic fluid, a hemorrhagic region, 1 cm in diameter, was seen on the left ovary. Based on histopathological characteristics, this hemorrhagic region was diagnosed to be atretic hemorrhagic follicle. Fibrosis of thecal layers, loss of granulosa cells, cyst formation and hemorrhage were seen. Based on gross and histopathological characteristics, it was concluded that occurrence of ovarian hydrobursitis may be due to hemorrhage from ruptured anovulatory follicle. In this article, etiology, gross and histopathological characteristics, ultrasonographic diagnosis and surgical treatment of ovarian hydrobursitis will be discussed.

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