Wolbachiais awidespread endosymbiont of insects with a diverse range of biological effects on its hosts.We studied the prevalence ofWolbachiain some important species of tephritids in Iran. Among different pop-ulations offive fruitfly species,Dacus ciliatus(cucurbitfly),Rhagoletis cerasi(cherry fruitfly),Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruitfly),Myiopardalis pardalina(melonfly) andCarypomya vesuviana(jujubefly), two species, R. cerasiandC. vesuviana, showed infection with separate Wolbachiastrains, namelywCer6 andwVes1, respectively.C. vesuvianais introduced here as a novel host forWolbachia.GenotypingofWolbachiastrains in 12 populations offive fruitfly species, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and thewspgene sequence showed the occurrence of two new strains as well as a new strain type (ST) belonging to the A supergroup. On the basis of the results of this study, 12 barcodes underfive species of Iranian tephritids have been added to the database of DNA barcodes. Inter- and intra-specific differences among COI sequences showed a clear gap in barcoding among most fruitflies

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