Dill (Anethum graveolens L) is a medicinal plant that native to Iran. Landrace of dill are differ from each region of development and growth. Choosing the best population needs to investigate by planting them in the same condition. This study was conducted to examine and compare vegetative and reproductive growth of six indigenous dill. A pot experiment conducted in the basis of completely randomized design with six population (Mashhad, Gonbad, Birjand, Isfahan, Shiraz and Sanandaj) in six replications. The characteristics of include thousand seed weight and seed essential oil (EO) content was measured. The measured characteristics including vegetative (stem length, root length, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, fresh weight, dry weight and herb EO content) and reproductive traits (flowering date, no of umbels, no of inflorescence, umbellate number, seed number, fresh and dry weight of seed, one thousand seed weight, seed yield per plant, seed EO percentage, EO yield, biological yield). Analysis were done by using JMP software. Results showed that six studied populations had significant difference in the most studied traits. The results also showed that the highest thousand seed weight (1.55 g), and the highest percentage of the initial EO (2.31%), six landraces mass of Birjand, The lowest thousand seed weight (0.52g) in Shiraz population and a lower percentage of the initial EO (1.25%) were observed in the popular Isfahan After popular planting Sanandaj highest thousand seed weight (1.70g), seed yield (3.23 g/plant) show few signs of thousand seed weight (1.21g) in Shiraz population, the highest percentage of EO (2.03%) of the popular Gonbad, and the lowest percentage EO (1.65%) was observed in Sanandaj popular. maximum plant height (57.58cm) biological yield (2.21g) was detected in Mashhad population. The lowest seed yield (1.8, 1.9 g) was recorded in Gonbad and Mashhad population. Average variation thousand seed weight in Mashhad population constant without modification, but the other five cultivated populations the positive increasing EO was reducing the percentage change in Birjand but mass increase was observed in five populations. In conclusion, it could be expect that Sanandaj population was superior to other as EO yield as concerned and this need to a field experiment for validation.

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