This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has not been undergo editing and proof correcting so printed version of it may differ from this version. 8-Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 9-Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran 10-Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 11-Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding Address: Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Email: eslami@royaninstitute.org Received: 14/Dec/2014, Accepted: 13/Apr/2014 Abstract Objective: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical procedure that used to generate large volumes of new bone for limb lengthening. Methods: In this animal experimental study, a 30% lengthening of the left tibia (The mean of distraction distance: 60.8 mm) was performed in ten adult male dogs by callus distraction after osteotomy and application of an Ilizarov fixator. Distraction was started on postoperative day seven with a distraction rate of 0.5 mm twice a day and was carried out at rate of 1.5 mm per day to the Page 3 of 24 Cell Journal (Yakhteh) Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Platelet-Rich Plasma Accelerate Distraction Osteogenesis in a Canine Model (Cell J, Vol: 17, No: 2, Serial Number: 66) This article has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but has not been undergo editing and proof correcting so printed version of it may differ from this version. end of the study. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (treatment group; n=5) or PRP alone (Control group; n=5) was injected into the distracted callus at the middle and the end of the distraction period. At the end of the consolidation period, the dogs were sacrificed and computerized tomography (CT) and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Results: Radiographic evaluations revealed that the amount and quality of callus formation were significantly higher in the treatment group (P<0.05). As measured by CT scan, the healing parameters in dogs of the treatment group were significantly greater (P<0.05). New bone formation in the treatment group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions: The present study showed that the transplantation of bone marrow MSCs has positive effects on early bony consolidation in DO and the use of MSCs may allow a shortened period of consolidation and therefore permit earlier device removal.

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