The chin's products in particular silk reached the markets in Persia and Rome through a long route that came to be known as the Silk Road. The road stretched from the western gates of a city which is now called Xi’an, in China's Shaanxi Province, and passed through the southern part of Gobi Desert to reach western Turkistan. Then after passing through some major cities of the time as Sin Kiang, Kashghar and Bukhara, Silk Road then reached the Iranian border to Marv. In Iran, the main branch of Silk Road went toward the cities of Tous, Rey and then through Hamaden ran Mosul, Antakya (Antioch) or Cappadocia and Sardis (near Izmir) to reach Istanbul and then Rome via the Mediterranean Sea. Economic exchanges between the West and the East were carried out by the caravans that connected cities along Silk Road. This road made a great contribution to the development of economic and human civilization. Considering the role of silk in ancient times for Roman and Iranian, the Silk Road was of special importance. In other words, it can be said that the history of Iran and the Silk Road were intertwined, in particular when we remember that the trade and cultural exchange between the two great countries of Iran and China as well as Roman were carried out via the Silk Road. The Parthian and Sasanian dynasties which were in favour of expanding East-West trade relations, closely supervised the road. By playing a key role in the Silk Road, Iran made great contributions to the booming of silk trade and to the exportation of this commodity to the West. Following industrial revelation in eighteen century which brought a lot of change into all aspect of humanities life including the roads and transportation system, some scholars believed that the ancient road including Silk Road has lost its importance and creditability; while it is believed that the idea of " Silk Road Economic Belt" which is based on the Economic cooperation and cultural exchange, once again can revive the role that of Silk Road had in ancient time, economic development and cultural exchange. In this paper, however, it has been tried to show that despite of many change which has taken place in human life and in the transportation system in last centuries, but the countries who live in Silk Road Belt, including Iran still can play an important role in economic development of " Silk Road Economic Belt" as it had in ancient time, during Sasanian.

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