The relationship between inflammation and diabetic neuropathy progression included the processes and complex molecular networks. In this study the time course expression of toll like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4 (in hippocampal brain tissue of diabetic male Wistar rats were studied. Hyperglycemia was induced in male wistar rats with intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of Streptozotocin. In different time points (4, 6, 8 and 20 weeks) post diabetes type 1 induction, rats were euthanized and hippocampal brain tissues was removed for further analysis. RNA was extracted from hippocampal brain tissues samples followed by cDNA synthesization using oligo-dT primers. Exon specific TLR2 and TLR4 primers were used to amplify rat TLR2 and TLR4 cDNA. After performing semiquantitative RT-PCR, the expression level of TLR4 mRNA was quantified by real time quatitative PCR (qPCR). Up-regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 transcripts during the time course after diabetes induction as compared to the control group was shown. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TLRs may play a decisive role in the pathogenesis and expansion of diabetes. It is possible that the expression of TLRs can eventually lead to neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer. Therefore, studies on the precise role of TLRs in neurodegenerative disease may yield potential molecular targets for developing therapeutics for control and prevention of diabetic neurodegenerative disorders.

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