The known gall midge fauna of Iran is composed of 61 species belonging to 33 genera. Thirty six species were recorded for the first time in northern Iran during investigations in the years 2007–2014. The two most species rich genera are Dasineura Rondani, 1840 with eight species and Stefaniola Kieffer, 1913 with six species. Most species are phytophagous and cause galls on various host plants; but Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani, 1847), Diadiplosis sp., Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, 1981, Endaphis perfida (Kieffer, 1896), Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot, 1827), Lestodiplosis heterobiae Barnes, 1928 and Lestodiplosis sp. are zoophagous; and Camptodiplosis boleti Kieffer, 1901, Clinodiplosis cilicrus (Kieffer, 1889), Mycodiplosis plasmoparae Rübsaamen, 1906, Asynapta phragmitis Giraud, 1863, Campylomyza flavipes Meigen, 1818, and Micromya lucorum Rondani, 1840, are mycophagous. An annotated list of all species of gall midges and a list of host plants and associated with gall midges are given. Phytophagous species of gall midges are associated with 50 plant species which belong to fifteen plant families; 15 species are associated with Chenopodiaceae, eight species with Salicaceae and seven species with Asteraceae. Usually only one or two species of gall midges are associated with each host plant species, but Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae) hosts four species: Baldratia przewalskii Marikovskij, 1955, Stefaniola deformans (Marikovskij, 1953), S. furtiva (Marikovskij, 1953), and S. gigas (Marikovskij, 1953); Salix caprea (Salicaceae) also hosts four species: Iteomyia capreae (Winnertz, 1853), Rabdophaga nervorum (Kieffer, 1895), Rabdophaga rosaria (Loew, 1850) and Macrolabis saliceti (Loew, 1850). Zoogeography: most species (43%) are Asian-Turanian, followed by Palaearctic (Euro-Asian) (28%), European (11.4%), Euro-Siberian (3.2%), Mediterranean (3.2%), Holarctic (8%), Afro-Asian (1.6%) and Oriental (Indomalayan) (1.6%). Common (shared) species occurring in Iran and adjacent countries indicate their similarity in faunal composition: 25 common species are recorded from Iran and Kazakhstan, 17 species from Iran and Armenia, 16 species from Iran and Turkey, 15 species from Iran and Georgia and 8 species from Iran and Turkmenistan. Biogeography: the representatives of three biogeographical regions meet in Iran: most species of gall midges belong to the Palaearctic region; Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, 1981, predator of coccids, is representative of the Afro-Asian region, and Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt, 1911), causing galls on leaves of Mangifera indica, of the Oriental region. Jaapiella ivannikovi Fedotova, 1985, causing galls on Acroptilon repens is used for biological control of this noxious weed in continental states of USA.

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