Natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a square enclosure filled up with Cu-water nanofluid has been investigated numerically exploiting finite volume method. The system of conservation equations representing of continuity, momentum and energy in dimensionless form are solved by using finite volume SIMPLEC algorithm. The upper and lower walls of the cavity are well insulated and impermeable. However, the lateral walls are imposed to constant temperatures. The Maxwell-Garnett model is used to predict the ratio of thermal conductivity. Results are posed for different values of Rayleigh number and volume fraction, in terms of streamlines, isotherms and local Nusselt number. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction are debated on heat transfer characteristic inside the cavity

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