Babesiosis and theileriosis are important tick-borne diseases in sheep. The aim of study was to detect Babesia and Theileria species in sheep and vector ticks in mountainous (Kalat and Dargaz areas) and temperate Caspian (Tonkabon and Ramsar areas) climates. One hundred blood samples and ticks were collected from suspected sheep to piroplasmosis in some flocks. The samples were transported to laboratory in cold condition. First, blood smears were prepared and stained by Geimsa method and then, examined with a light microscope at ×1000 magnitude. DNA were extracted from EDTA blood sample, salivary gland and ovaries of tick samples by MBST kit and then, examined with specific primers of Babesia .spp and Theileria.spp by semi nested-PCR. Piroplasme bodies were observed in 40 (40%) of blood samples in mountains climate and 22 (22%) in temperated caspian climate. From 210 collected ticks, six species were identified as follow: Rhipicephalus turanicus 152 (72.38%), R. bursa 40 (19.04%), Dermacentor rakimensis 12 (5.71%), Hyalomma marginatum 3 (1.42%), D. marginatus 2 (0.95%) and Haemaphysalis 1 (0.5%). Dominate tick species in mountains and temperate caspian climate were R. turanicus and R. bursa, respectively. The results of PCR showed that 9 (9%) and 78(78%) blood samples were infected with Babesia .spp and Theileria, spp, respectively. In addition, Theileria infectoin was detected in 4 (4%) of salivary glands of tick. In second round of Semi-nested PCR, 8 (8%) and 1 (1%) Babesia samples detected B. ovis and B. motasi, respectively. Thus, detection of Theileria species reported as follow: T. ovis 42 (53.84%), T. lestoquardi 34 (43.58%), mixed T. ovis and T. lestoquardi 32 (41.02%). One blood sample revealed mixed infection with B. ovis and T. ovis and another one, B. ovis and T. lestoquardi.Based on the results; R. turanicus may be as vector of T. ovis and T. lestoquardi. The frequency of Babesia ovis, and T. lestoquardi infection in mountainous and temperate caspian climates were the same. The frequency of T. ovis infection in the sheep of mountainous climate was higher than the caspian climate.B. motasi infection was only detected in sheep of caspian climate.

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