The failure and deterioration of civil engineering systems due to structural damage have important societal and human consequences. Therefore, there is a vital motivation to assess the global condition of structures to detect and identify the existing damage. The objective of this article is to introduce two kinds of reliability indices for structural condition assessment using the dynamic responses in time domain. Initially, a relative reliability index (RRI) based on statistical features of both damaged and undamaged structures is proposed to specify the structural conditions. Next, a general relative index (GRI) based on distance theory is applied to identify the location of damage. In both techniques, the dynamic responses are divided into several subgroups that assist to have more obvious perspective for the structural condition assessment. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms, acceleration time histories of a laboratory frame are used. Results show that the relative reliability index adequately enables to discriminate the condition of structure by evaluating the reliability of subgroups and exploiting the reliability charts. In addition, the distances gained by the general reliability index one can identify the location of damage in such a way that the damage area has most reliability distance value.

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