Introduction: The bacterial ghost (BG) system represents a novel and progressive approach in the development of bacterial mediated cancer immunotherapy. The empty inner space of BGs can be filled with drugs, proteins, DNA, enzymes and other compounds. The induced lysis process does not harm the essential structural components of the bacteria, giving rise to immunologically active particles capable of stimulating the host immune system and delivering specific antigen (Ag) to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or active substances to the target cells.

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