Antimicrobial peptides are diverse group of molecules that are produced by invertebrate, plant and animal species. Their amino acid composition, amphipathicity, cationic charge and size allow them to attach and insert into membrane bilayers to form pores by barrel-stave, carpet or toroidal-pore mechanisms. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. The majority of conventional antibiotics it appears as though antimicrobial peptides may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators. The venoms of social wasps can also contain some tetra penta-, hexa- and hepta-peptides, but just a few of them have been structurally and functionally characterized up to now. Protonectin (ILGTILGLLKGL-NH2, IL-12) is a polyfunctional peptide, presenting mast cell degranulation, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from mast cells, antibiosis against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and chemotaxis for polymorphonucleated leukocytes. Aerobic organisms are susceptible to the damaging actions by small amounts of O2, OH and H2O2. These species are inevitably formed during the metabolism of oxygen, especially in the reduction of oxygen by the electron transfer system of mitochondria. ROS is a collective term that includes oxygen radicals and also some non-radical derivatives of O2 like H2O2, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and O3 and singlet oxygen. Enormous efforts are still being devoted to understand the role played by partially reduced oxygen species (O2 and OH) in mediating a variety of pathological conditions, including toxicity due to several chemicals and ionizing radiation. Oxygen-derived species are mutagenic and may act as promotors of carcinogenesis.The main objective of this study was to examine cell attachment and evaluation of ROS produced in A549 cell line in the presence and absence of IL-12.

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