This brief review of the experience with and conditions of Iranian PAs management over the past decades has highlighted that conservation measures on biodiversity and ecosystems have still many challenges ahead. These challenges come in some groups including technical, political, administration, management, protection, implementation, studies and miff of nature. In general, it appears that the rate of decline in many species and ecosystems has increased during the past few years. Little information about the ecological merits of PAs, and about the local social and economic situations; lack of trained-stuff; insufficient budget; failed and shortage capacity in management; lack of land evaluation; PAs-people conflict; shortages of man power, equipment and vehicles; poor monitoring; lack of assessment tools; etc.; planning and management practices of PAs will come to a standstill. Substantial progress should be made in trying to secure effective conservation of PAs. More basic technical works and field surveys in terms of eco-biology analyses are needed in order to fully understand Iran’s biodiversity characteristics.

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