The Silk Road is a road for transporting goods, ideas, cultures, technologies, music, foods, and thoughts. The characteristics of the Silk Road has encouraged numerous nations to try for its revival. The Chinese idea of “one belt, one road” is indicative of the fact that clothes, helmets and foods are no longer a sign; they are rather a long-term goal behind which there is a great economic profitability and signs of an emerging smart power. The New Silk Road is a market for goods and ideas that is far beyond a simple path and ordinary road; it is a great Master Plan. When one talks about the Silk Road, s/he is spontaneously talking about Iran and its role in the regeneration of this Road; about the economics, commerce, and energy resources in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea which can and should have an effective role in recreating new roads and channels for the consumer markets in the Silk Road and other parts of the world. The author of this study has selected a normative approach and used two conceptions of National Role (Holsti) and Expectations from Foreign Policy (Hill) to show that the notion of transport diplomacy has a set of prefabricated components that are not compatible with all sorts of behaviours and actions in foreign policy. In this study, the conception of seven expectations from foreign policy has been presupposed. From the sixteen national roles of Holsti, the five national roles focusing on the role of the mediator/integrator states were chosen as the hypothesis of this research.

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