Drug combination is often applied to increase the effectiveness of treatment for specific and severe illnesses, such as cancer. So far various approaches have been designed to identify the effects of each drug when used in combination. Chou-Talalay method can be considered as one of the most comprehensive methods for evaluating the combination of drugs. Plant metabolites have been very much considered as therapeutic agents due to diverse benefits that they have shown in the treatment of various diseases. Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) are a large group of these metabolites. Cynaropicrin is a SL which has shown a high capacity for treating some human cancers in various studies. Esophageal cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world, and ESCC has a high incidence in Asia and also in the northern parts of Iran. In this study, the synergistic effect of cynaropicrin with paclitaxol anticancer drug were evaluated on KYSE30 human esophagal carcinoma cells, for the first time. The results show a very strong synergistic effect of cynaropicrin on paclitaxol. Applying this combination of drugs at clinical level may enhance the effectiveness of paclitaxel and reduce the dosage of the drug used in patients. However further pre clinical studies are required to prove these effects.

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