Today, stem cell therapies have been particularly considerd by researchers due to unique abilities of these cells for self-renewal and multipotency. High oxygen levels in culture conditions may result to several cell signaling and metabolism disorders leading to various cellular damages and ultimately necrocytosis. Since cell functions occur on a nanometer scale, nanotechnology can affect or even alter cellular behavior. High levels of oxygen can damage the antioxidant system of the cells. In this study, the effect of CeO2 nanoparticles, with antioxidant activities, was investigated on proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Various methods of dispersion in different media nanoparticles were tested and ultimately nanoparticles dispersed using ultrasonic bath and in DMEM. After isolation and characterization of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, these cells were treated with different concentrations of CeO2, and cell viability evaluated by MTT assay. Our data demonstrated that this nanoparticle not only had no toxic effects on these cells but also increased their proliferation in particular concentrations. These results may provide information that is important for using CeO2 as an improvement agent in cell proliferation and cell therapy applications

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