In Today’s world, Human is facing water inaccessibility due to change in his lifestyle and growth in water demand. Increase in global warming and climate change has endangered water and food security. One the other hand, transboundary wetlands play a great role in regulation of local and global climate and also in providing water resources. Wise use of such ecosystems result in preventing change in ecological characters of wetlands and this will bring about safeguarding water security. The role of Ramsar Convention in operationalizing wise use concept as one of the most fundamental principles of international environmental law, and providing a ground for mutual cooperation among riparian states and international cooperation is very decisive that will lead to a win-win relationship between states and global environment. Hamoon Wetland as a shared resource between Iran and Afghanistan, is in danger of complete disappearance and destruction as a result of unwise utilization, lack of environmentally sound management, and exacerbation of climate change in the area which have unsecured life continuance for flora, fauna, and human population in both sides of the border. This study as an inter-disciplinary one, intends to investigate wise use and similar concepts and their practical application along with other management tools such as ecosystem-based management to conserve wetlands and therefore to reduce adverse impacts of climate change and prevention of crisis in water and environmental security. The question raised here is ‘what operational mechanisms is being provided by international environmental regime especially Ramsar Convention to realize wise use and thus sustainable development.’ It is important to answer this question because it can help governments particularly those locating in transboundary wetlands to settle their arising disputes. We have used an analytical-document approach with a view to state practices, international judicial decisions, and doctrine.

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