In the current study, the phenotypic and molecular properties of twenty-five strains obtained from cankerous tissues or leaf necrotic lesions of different stone fruits were evaluated in north-east of Iran . All strains studied were identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) based on phenotypic assays and confirmed by means of specific PCR at species and pathovar levels. All obtained strains were pathogenic under artificial inoculation and exhibited brittle necrotic spots on plum leaves of cultivar Santa Rosa under lab conditions. Then, the pathogenic Xap strains were subjected to molecular assays. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with gyrB sequences, no polymorphism was observed in this gene and Iranian Xap strains were clustered with the reference one in a separate group. The ERIC, BOX and REP primer sets generated reproducible genomic PCR profiles in tested strains and, based on combined data for all primers, a low genetic diversity among Xap strains was revealed. In order to achieve results that are more accurate, application of Xap strains from all geographical regions of Iran will be needed to prove little polymorphism observed in Xap population. The current contribution is the first report of molecular homogeneity of Xap strains that were collected from northeastern Iran

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