Background: Lagomorphs (hares and pikas) are small mammals which are interconnected to human. These animals occupy farms and rural areas; therefore, they can be considered as important animals regarding to zoonotic diseases. Hares are game animals which were hunted and they play role in human food cycle in some provinces in Iran. Pikas live in higher elevations so pika s well-being may affect health condition of vulnerable and endangered species. These animals are host to several parasites. onetheless, the ecto-and endoparasites of lagomorphs have not been subject to comprehensive study in Iran yet.Objectives: Our purpose is to investigate infestation of hares and pikas to ecto-and endoparasites in Iran and also to determine distribution of these parasites in different habitats.Materials and Methods: In total, 115 specimens of lagomorphs including 83 hares and 32 pikas were collected from different habitats in the Iranian Plateau and adjacent areas from January 2014 to October 2016. The lagomorph specimens were identified and their species status was confirmed applying molecular approach and the respective parasites were isolated, fixed and identified using identification keys.Results: The lagomorphs belong to 3 species including Lepus cf. tolai (46 specimens), and L. europaeus (37 specimens), Ochotona rufescens (32 specimens). The highest endoparasite infestation in Afghan pikas included helminths (Cephaluris chabaudi, Cephaluris akhtar, Fastigiuris prudhoei, Dermatoxys sp.). Ectoparasites in Afghan pikas were fleas (Ceratophyllus sp.) and ticks (Boophilus sp.). We also found gastrointestinal infestation of L. europaeus with nematodes (Passalurus ambiguus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Dermatoxys sp.) and also L. tolai with Dermatoxys sp.Conclusion: Helminths especially Oxyurid worms were the most common parasites in lagomorphs from Iran. The ecto-and endoparasite infestation of pikas was higher in the field areas with lower elevation in the northeast Iran. The highest infestation of hares was recorded in humid habitats and rural areas with more anthropogenic interference.

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