Pistachio is an important nut crop in Iranian horticulture which is a strategic and valuable export product and holds the first position in non-oil export of Iran. So that Iran is the largest producer of pistachio that is the first exporter in world and Khorasan Razavi province as the second largest producer in the country has a special position in this regard. Considering that nematodes are one of the most important soil pathogenic agents and can cause considerable damage to pistachio in high populations, since there are no studies on biodiversity of plant parasite nematodes in pistachio gardens of Khorasan Razavi province, so identification of Pistachio plant parasite nematodes is very important. To identify plant parasitic nematodes in pistachio fields of Khorasan Razavi province northeast of Iran, in the years 2016 and 2017 collected 70 root and soils samples from pistachio root rhizosphere (depth 30-50 cm). Samples transferred to laboratory on ice and nematode were extracted by centrifugal and Whithead methods. After obtaining permanent microscopic slides from extracted nematodes, samples considered by BH2 Olympus microscope equipped with drawing tube. In this study 19 species belongs to 8 genus described as: Ditylenchus medicaginis, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus wescolagricus, Psilenchus iranicus, Psilenchus hilarus, Psilenchus aestuarius, Psilenchus bilineatus, Psilenchus curcumerus, Psilenchus pratensis, Psilenchus bahiablancea Merlinius graminicola, Merlinius planitierus, Merlinius gatevi, Nagelus leptus, Geocenamus tessellatus, Geocenamus rugosus, Geocenamus koreanus, Meloidogyne javanica and Helichotelenchus exallus. Between this species Geocenamus koreanus and Merlinius gatevi described for first time from Iran nematode fauna and five species have been reported for the first time in Iran. In this study, Pratylenchus (root lesion nematodes) among the other species has the most abundance and dispersion, so they are important.

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