Objective: The study aimed to assess how people change their social- and health-related behavior in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. To this end, the theory of planned behavior was applied for predicting compliance with government-advised preventive measures. It was also examined how groups of people in terms of age, gender, educational level, income level, marital status, health condition were observing the government-advised preventive measures. Methods: 5021 people above the age of 15 years responded to an online questionnaire that included items related to demographic features, COVID-19 preventive behavior (C-19 PB), intentions, behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and risk perception. Results: T-test, ANOVA, and correlations indicated that younger individuals, men, singles, people with lower educational levels, lower income level and no health condition reported lower compliance. Regression showed that intentions, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm were associated with higher compliance. Furthermore, in regression, young age, male, lower level of education was associated with lower compliance with C-19 PB. Conclusions: young, male and low education people comply with government-advised preventive measures less likely. Also, intention, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm are related to compliance with government-advised preventive measures.

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