Scorpions with about 2,500 species are the oldest terrestrial arthropods that inhabited the land during the Devonian period. Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837, with 96 genera and 1228 described species, is the largest family of scorpions with worldwide distribution. Members of the genus Androctonus Hemprich et Ehrenberg, 1828 are scorpions with deadly venom. This genus has about 30 species of which, Androctonus baluchicus (Pocock, 1900) and A. crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) have been reported from Iran. Sampling was done from Sistan and Baluchistan, South Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan provinces during 2017 to 2019. Examination of specimens in eastern part of the country shows that the cases reported under the A. crassicauda do not belong to this species and are the result of misidentification. On the other hand, the specimens reported as A. baluchicus do not belong to this species. Both groups appear to be new species. To determine the status of species of this genus in the east of the country, it is necessary to carefully study the morphology by comparing the samples of the east with samples of other regions of the country and also a molecular study.

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