Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is currently one of the most widely known nanomaterials produced for different purposes. The adverse effects of nano-dispersed TiO2 cause a serious concern about human health problems related to the intake of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). The investigation of TiO2 NPs’ penetration through the gut epithelium into secondary organs and the relevant biological effects has an undoubted importance when assessing the potential risk of using TiO2 NPs. In this study, rats were divided into four groups: 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day - high dose (HD) – 20 and 10 mg/kg bw per day - low dose (LD) - of TiO2 NPs, and control. The dose levels were selected on the basis of the available data on TiO2 NPs estimated human exposure and taking into account that the maximum volume administered by gavage to each rat cannot exceed 2 ml/100 g BW in aqueous solution. After sixty days ,male rats were euthanized with Co2 gaseous . For electron microscopy, tissues of 1 mm were fixed in glutaraldehyde and electron microscope was used for examination of the specimens. The result of this study showed to increase number of goblet cells in jejunum. Overall the results showed that enterocytes may represent a target of TiO2 NP toxicity by direct exposure in vivo models.The most prominent changes in the mucosal cells were dilation and the mitochondria were vacuolated.

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